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Who is Krishna's fourth wife?

Krishna could not say no to this woman who had followed him to Dwaraka. So he made Kalindi his fourth wife, after Rukmini, Jambavati and Satyabhama.

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Sometimes I wonder why Krishna’s eight wives doesn’t inspire the writers and poets as much as his beloved Gopis! So I wrote this blog which tells the stories of their respective marriages and a complete idea about them. Through his eight wives, Krishna established powerful marital alliances with the kingdoms around his state Dwaraka. These alliances protected the new home of the Yadavas from their opponents, especially Jarasandha, whose rage knew no bounds when he knew that not only had Krishna escaped the fire at Mathura but also succeeded in establishing a powerful kingdom named Dwaraka. So that several of Krishna’s wives come from kingdoms that surrounded Gujarat (Gujarat is very much close to the Dwaraka). Madra (today’s Sindh), Kekaya (today’s Baluchistan), Avanti (today’s Madhya Pradesh) and Kosala (today’s Uttar Pradesh). Though not king, Krishna became renowned as Dwarakadhish (the guardian of Dwaraka). His eight wives were regarded as the eight manifestations of Goddess Lakshmi who brought prosperity into the city from the eight corners of the earth. Krishna’s wives, like Lakshmi, brought abundance and affluence into his household: they brought seeds from different lands to ensure his gardens were ful of different kinds of fruits and flowers and vegetables; they brought recipes from their mother’s kitchens; they decorated the walls of his house with paintings; they came with new ideas about life; and they gave him children. Krishna realized how daughters-in-laws transform a household, enrich it with diversity, provided they are allowed to express and accommodate themselves. To accept new ideas into a household, the heart has to expand to receive what is offered.

Now let’s talk about the Asta-Patabansis-Bharyas of Krishna.

1. Queen Rukmini (Princess of Vidarbha):

In Vidarbha, in the city of Kundina, Princess Rukmini had heard about a young cowherd, much loved by the milkmaids of Vrindavana, who had charmed the residents of Mathura, slain the powerful king Kamsa and challenged the might of Jarasandha. She was determined to marry this hero. When news came of Mathura’s fall, everyone said Krishna was dead. But she was convinced he was not. ‘I will marry only Krishna,’ she insisted. Her father (Bhismaka), and her brother (Rukmi), argued that Krishna was dead, and decided to wed her to Jarasandha’s favourite, Shishupala of Chedi. Rukmini refused to submit. She wrote a letter and gave it to a messenger, ordering him to wander in every direction possible and find out where the Yadu clans had migrated to. For everyone had heard that not a single dead body had been found in the burnt city of Mathura. While the messenger searched, she prayed to the goddess Gauri each day, hoping that the husband she desired was the husband she was destined to have. On the day of the wedding, Rukmini went to the temple but could not see Krishna anywhere, she prayed to goddess Gauri that Krishna take her away. When she stepped out of the temple she saw Krishna waiting for her. He took her away in his chariot and started driving away. When other kings noticed it they started chasing Krishna. Balarama stopped them all except Rukmi who was already too close to Krishna. He engaged most of them in the fight. Rukmi chased Krishna and started fighting with him, Krishna defeated Rukmi in the fight and when he was about to kill Rukmi, Rukmi interceded and begged for her brother’s life. Thus sparing his life Krishna drove away to his capital Dwaraka.

2. Queen Jambavati (the bear-princess):

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Satrajit a noble man of Yadav dynasty who owned a divine jewel called ‘Syamantaka’ from Lord Surya. Krishna told Satrajit to send the jewel to Ugrasena so that it could be guarded safely. But both Satrajit and his brother Prasanjit denied. One day Prasanjit took the jewel and went for hunting, he was attacked and killed by a lion, meanwhile Jambavan (who lived from the time of Sri Rama) took the jewel and gave it to his daughter to play with. When Satrajit heard of his brother’s death and missing Syamantaka he accused Krishna of it. Krishna went in search of syamantaka so that he could clear the accusation, he found the jewel with Jambavan. They fought for 28 days for the jewel, Krishna impressed Jambavan with his strength and ability and recognized Krishna to be the incarnation of Rama. Accepting defeat, Jambavan said, ‘You are strong and worthy of the jewel. Worthy enough to be my son-in-law’ and prayed him to marry his daughter. Thus Krishna married Jambavati. And so Krishna returned to Dwaraka, triumphant, with the jewel and the bear-princess Jambavati.

3. Queen Satyabhama (Satrajit’s daughter):

Krishna returned the jewel to Satrajit and when Satrajit came to know of the real facts behind the happening, he was pleased to have the jewel back. He apologized to Krishna for accusing him of murder. ‘You may have been raised amongst cowherds but your actions are those of a prince. I want you to be my son-in-law.’ Thus Satrajit gave his daughter Satyabhama’s hand in marriage to Krishna.

4. Queen Kalindi (the river nymph):

Once Krishna and Arjuna were hunting and resting along the coast of Yamuna. They see a young girl walking on the banks, Krishna asked Arjuna to enquire who she was, when Arjuna asks her who she was She says, ‘I am the daughter of Sun god, river nymph Yamuna, also known as Kalindi. Ever since Krishna left Vraja I have been heartbroken. I have wandered all over the world looking for Krishna. I cannot live without Him.’ Krishna could not say no to this woman who had followed him to Dwaraka. So he made Kalindi his fourth wife, after Rukmini, Jambavati and Satyabhama.

5. Queen Satya (Princess of Kosala):

Rukmini had chosen Krishna as her husband. So had Kalindi. Satyabhama and Jambavati had been given to Krishna by their respective fathers, For Satya, Shyam had to prove his worthiness. Her father, Nagnajit king of Kosala, had declared that any man who could tame seven of his finest bulls could claim her hand as husband. Kings knew how to hunt lions and tame horses, but not bulls. Those who dared could tame a bull or two, but seven! Who else could perform this feed but a cowherd? May be a cowherd prince?

Krishna entered the arena, and to everyone’s astonishment, created six more Krishnas out of his body. These seven Krishnas tamed the seven bulls of Nagnajit. After perforning this impossible feat, the six other Shyams disappeared and the one left behind made Satya his fifth wife.

6. Mitravinda of Avanti:

In nature, the female bird chooses her mate from among several suitors. Similarly, many fathers organize swayamvar ceremonies for their daughters where suitors display their looks and skills and the bride chooses her husband. Krishna was invited to one such ceremony at Avanti. His dark body, his bright eyes, his smile made him stand out instantly. Unlike other men, here was a man who cared for women and so prepared his body for their pleasure, adorning it with sandalwood paste, forest flowers and peacock feathers, draping it in yellow fabric. Princess Mitravinda noticed this and decided he would be her husband.

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But her brothers did not like the idea. ‘He is not a king, He has lived amongst cowherds. Wherever he goes, there is trouble. Jarasandha hates him. Surely there is another you can choose?’ they said. When she raised her arms to garland him and declare her choice, they tried to stop her. But a woman’s decision must be respected. So Krishna struck the brothers forcefully, pushed them aside and bowed his head to accept the garland of the woman who becam his sixth wife.

7. Bhadra of Kekaya:

Vasudev’s sister, Shutakirti, had married the king of Kekaya and had a daughter called Bhadra. It was Shutakirti’s wish that her daughter marry Krishna. The king of Kekaya agreed. Thus, Bhadra became Krishna’s seventh wife.

8. Lakshmana of Madra:

Brihatsena of Madra organized an archery competition in which the prize was his daughter Lakshmana’s hand in marriage. The competitors had to shoot the eye of a fish fixed to a revolving wheel that hung from the ceiling by looking at its reflection in a vessel of oil placed on the floor while balancing on the pans of a scale. Krishna stood on the scale, raised his bow, bent his head, saw the reflection of the fish in the oil and shot the eye of the fish effortlessly, thus winning the hand of Lakshmana, who became his eighth and final wife.

Other 16,100 junior wives:

Naraka had enslaved 16,100 women-nymphs, queens, princesses, goddesses-abducted from every corner of the universe. When Krishna killed Naraka and liberated the women, they began to cry, ‘Where will we go? Our families will not accept us. Naraka outraged our modesty and ruined our reputations.’ Krishna agreed to marry each of them and make them his junior queens. ‘You will live with me in Dwaraka as my wives, with honour and dignity.’ Narada, the celestial sage, wondered, ‘How can Krishna satisfy the needs of 16,100 junior wives and eight senior wives?’ So he decided to pay Dwaraka a visit. In Dwaraka, Narada found 16,100 prety palaces. In cach palace he found a queen. With each en he found a Krishna. With some queens Krishna was playing dice, with others, he was on a swing. He was eating food in some palaces, taking a bath in others. He was talking of the children with some queens and discussing affairs of the state with others. Finding Krishna simultaneously in various locations, satisfying the needs of all his wives, Narada was reminded once again that Krishna was Vishnu who is omnipresent. ★ The names of Krishna’s wives in the Harivamsa are different from those given in the Vishnu Purana and Bhagavata Purana. Inspired by the book Shyam by Devdutt Pattanaik and all the illustration is done by Devdutt Pattanaik.

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