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What percentage of the population can solve a Rubiks cube?

Less than 5.8% of the world's population can solve the Rubik's Cube, according to the Rubik's website.

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A machine has taught itself to solve a Rubik’s Cube without human assistance, according to a group of UC Irvine researchers. Two algorithms developed by the researchers, collectively called Deep Cube, typically can solve the 3-D combination puzzle within 30 moves, which is less than or equal to systems that use human knowledge, according to the team’s research paper. Less than 5.8% of the world’s population can solve the Rubik’s Cube, according to the Rubik’s website. “At first I didn’t think it was possible to solve the Rubik’s Cube without any human data or knowledge,” said Stephen McAleer, a UCI doctoral student. The trick, he said, is to present an advanced computer with a solved Rubik’s Cube and let it unscramble the puzzle bit by bit. The researchers call this algorithm “autodidactic iteration,” in which the machine works backward to teach itself the moves that solve the puzzle. In the second algorithm, the trained neural networks use the moves learned in the first algorithm to solve the cube. The machine “plays” with the puzzle and learns how to solve it from any starting point, McAleer said. McAleer and his team, which includes one professor and two other students, submitted their research in May for consideration for publication at the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems later this year. If the group used a reinforcement learning approach, in which the machine was rewarded for every step it took that brought it closer to solving the puzzle, it would be “impossible for neural networks to know when it’s in a good or bad state,” McAleer said. The group was inspired by a research paper that used neural networks and an advanced search method called the “Monte Carlo tree search” to teach artificial intelligence to play the strategy board game Go. The group launched the project to push artificial intelligence to go beyond pattern recognition and to reason about problems, McAleer said. “In order to solve the Rubik’s Cube, this artificial intelligence has to reason symbolically,” he said. “It has to think about how it’s going to manipulate this mathematical structure.” McAleer said the next step is to see how the research could be applied in biology, such as in protein folding, the process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation.

priscella.vega@latimes.com

Vega writes for Times Community News

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What is a 9d cube called?

It is also called an enneract, a portmanteau of tesseract (the 4-cube) and enne for nine (dimensions) in Greek. It can also be called a regular octadeca-9-tope or octadecayotton, as a nine-dimensional polytope constructed with 18 regular facets.

en.wikipedia.org - 9-cube - Wikipedia

9-dimensional hypercube

In geometry, a 9-cube is a nine-dimensional hypercube with 512 vertices, 2304 edges, 4608 square faces, 5376 cubic cells, 4032 tesseract 4-faces, 2016 5-cube 5-faces, 672 6-cube 6-faces, 144 7-cube 7-faces, and 18 8-cube 8-faces. It can be named by its Schläfli symbol {4,37}, being composed of three 8-cubes around each 7-face. It is also called an enneract, a portmanteau of tesseract (the 4-cube) and enne for nine (dimensions) in Greek. It can also be called a regular octadeca-9-tope or octadecayotton, as a nine-dimensional polytope constructed with 18 regular facets. It is a part of an infinite family of polytopes, called hypercubes. The dual of a 9-cube can be called a 9-orthoplex, and is a part of the infinite family of cross-polytopes.

Cartesian coordinates [ edit ]

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a 9-cube centered at the origin and edge length 2 are

(±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1)

while the interior of the same consists of all points (x 0 , x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , x 6 , x 7 , x 8 ) with −1 < x i < 1.

Projections [ edit ]

This 9-cube graph is an orthogonal projection. This orientation shows columns of vertices positioned a vertex-edge-vertex distance from one vertex on the left to one vertex on the right, and edges attaching adjacent columns of vertices. The number of vertices in each column represents rows in Pascal's triangle, being 1:9:36:84:126:126:84:36:9:1.

Derived polytopes [ edit ]

Applying an alternation operation, deleting alternating vertices of the 9-cube, creates another uniform polytope, called a 9-demicube, (part of an infinite family called demihypercubes), which has 18 8-demicube and 256 8-simplex facets.

Notes [ edit ]

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