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What is the rarest stone color?

Red is one of the rarest colors in the gems world, and a pure red, such as the famed pigeon's blood ruby, is exceptionally rare.

ajsgem.com - Gemstone Color Chart at AJS Gems

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The standard way to organize gemstones is by gem species (corundum, beryl, quartz, etc.) and variety (ruby, sapphire, topaz, spinel, etc.). But for gemstone and jewelry collectors it is sometimes useful to organize gems by color. It provides a different overview of the gemstone world, and can be a timely reminder of the rarity of certain colors, such as red and blue. Since there is enormous variation in color across the many gem varieties, we have organized this chart around color families. We have also included sections for multicolor, color change and star/cat's eye gems. Red Gems Red is one of the rarest colors in the gems world, and a pure red, such as the famed pigeon's blood ruby, is exceptionally rare. Most red gems are orangey-red (spinel), pink-red (spinel, garnet) or purplish-red (rubellite tourmaline).

Burma

Ruby Red

Spinel Rhodolite

Garnet

Rubellite

Tourmaline Rhodonite Red

Zircon

Cuprite

Blue Gems

Though blue is a more common gem color than red, very few gems occur in a pure saturated blue. Sapphire is really the only example, though tanzanite sometimes comes close. Other blue gems tend to be a grayish-blue (spinel, benitoite), greenish-blue (blue zircon, apatite, tourmaline, gem silica) or a pastel blue (aquamarine, topaz).

Blue Sapphire Tanzanite Blue Spinel

Aquamarine Blue

Zircon Blue

Apatite

Color Change

Fluorite Benitoite Blue Topaz

Paraiba

Tourmaline Gem

Silica Blue

Tourmaline

Iolite

Green Gems

Green presents the most choices in the gems world, but many of the finest green gems, such as emerald, jadeite, tsavorite garnet and demantoid garnet, are quite rare. Green hues are mainly due to traces of chromium and vanadium or iron.

Emerald Tsavorite

Garnet Chrome

Tourmaline

Demantoid

Garnet Chrome

Diopside

Peridot

Sphene Idocrase Prehnite

Green

Tourmaline Jadeite Jade Green

Sapphire

Mali Garnet Chrysoberyl Actinolite

Cat's Eye

Chyrsoprase Chrome

Chalcedony

Amblygonite

Green Quartz Green Fluorite

Oligoclase

Apatite Williamsite

The finest pink gems are sapphire, spinel and tourmaline, with tourmaline exhibiting the widest range of pink hues. Kunzite and morganite are popular because they are relatively inexpensive and can be found in large sizes.

Tourmaline

Kunzite Morganite Pezzottaite

Padparadscha

Sapphire Rhodochrosite

Yellow/Gold/Bronze Gems

The most valuable yellow or gold gems are sapphire and imperial topaz. Citrine and yellow beryl are quite attractive, but relatively common. Yellow tourmaline is rare.

Yellow

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Sapphire Yellow Beryl Yellow

Tourmaline

Honey

Zircon Citrine Yellow

Fluorite

Scapolite Sphene Imperial

Topaz

Kornerupine

Orange Gems

Spessartite garnet is considered the finest of the vivid orange gems, but a number of other gems can be found in shades of orange, including sapphire, spinel, tourmaline and mexican fire opal.

Orange

Sapphire Spessartite

Garnet Orange

Tourmaline

Imperial

Topaz Citrine Orange

Spinel

Mexican Opal Sphalerite Padparadscha

Sapphire

Rhodochrosite

Violet/Purple Gems

There are relatively few violet or purple gems. Amethyst is the most famous and by far the most popular for jewelry. Sapphire and spinel can sometimes be found in violet, while chalcedony typically occurs in a greyish-lilac color.

Amethyst Purple

Fluorite Chalcedony

Scapolite Violet Sapphire Purple

Spinel

Jeremejevite Iolite

White/Colorless Gems

Diamond is the hardest and most valuable of the colorless gems, but a number of other gems have been popular over the years as alternatives, particularly white sapphire, white zircon, goshenite (white beryl), petalite and danburite.

Diamond White Sapphire White Zircon

Danburite White

Tourmaline Moonstone

Goshenite

Beryl Petalite

Multicolor Gems

Some unusual gems displays regions of different color, notably the bi-color and tri-color tourmalines and the purple/gold quartz known as ametrine. Opal is famous for its play of color.

Bi-Color

Tourmaline Ametrine Precious

Opal

Multicolor

Fluorite

Color Change Gems

Some rare gems change color under varying lighting conditions. Alexandrite is the most famous example of a color change gem, displaying green or brown under daylight and a purplish-red under incandescent light.

Color-Change

Alexandrite Color-Change

Sapphire Color-Change

Garnet

Color-Change

Diaspore Color-Change

Fluorite

Star and Cat's Eye Gems

The phenomena of asterism (the star effect) and chatoyancy(the cat's eye effect) have been known for centures, and these rare gems are coveted by collectors. Star sapphires and star rubies are the best known gems that can display a star, while cat's eye chrysoberyl is the most famous cat's eye gem.

Blue

Star Sapphire Black

Star Sapphire Star Ruby

Cat's Eye

Chrysoberyl Cat's Eye

Apatite Actinolite

Cat's Eye

Pezzottaite

Cat's Eye Cat's Eye

Tourmaline Cat's Eye

Opal

ajsgem.com - Gemstone Color Chart at AJS Gems

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