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What is the 50% rule in real estate investing?

Like many rules of real estate investing, the 50 percent rule isn't always accurate, but it can be a helpful way to estimate expenses for rental property. To use it, an investor takes the property's gross rent and multiplies it by 50 percent, providing the estimated monthly operating expenses. That sounds easy, right?

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Like many rules of real estate investing, the 50 percent rule isn’t always accurate, but it can be a helpful way to estimate expenses for rental property. To use it, an investor takes the property's gross rent and multiplies it by 50 percent, providing the estimated monthly operating expenses. That sounds easy, right? If the property rents for $4,000 a month, the operating costs should be approximately $2,000.

What Expenses Should you Include when Calculating the 50 Percent Rule?

Typically, investors should add up the operating costs related to the rental property:

Property Insurance Property Taxes Maintenance/Repairs Utilities Property Management Homeowner Association (HOA) Fees

Notice that mortgage costs are excluded, as are taxes due on rental income and property depreciation. In some markets, investors argue for excluding the HOA expense, but most investors will include this as an appropriate operating cost.

Does the 50 Percent Rule Work?

Like most "rules" associated with real estate investments, this one has value and limitations. Nevertheless, it can be a handy “back of the envelope” formula for determining how much a property will need in monthly expenditures. It can produce a rough estimate, but investors should evaluate the property and its potential operating costs individually. Suppose you are considering buying an apartment building and using the 50 percent rule to assess the potential operating expenses. Let’s say that the calculation is as follows: There are ten units, each renting for $3,000 monthly, for a total of $30,000. Suppose the expenses are estimated at $15,000, leaving $15,000. From that amount, you need to be able to cover the mortgage expenses, your overhead, and profit. This quick, albeit rough, calculation can help you decide whether to continue performing a more detailed evaluation of a potential acquisition.

The Rule Can “Rule Out” a Purchase

While the 50 percent rule doesn’t provide enough detail to move forward on a purchase, it might make it easier to decide to pass one up. Here’s another example: You are considering buying a duplex as a rental property. Each unit will rent for around $1,200, providing $2,400 monthly. However, if the mortgage payment for the property is $1,800, that will absorb substantially more than 50 percent of the rent, leaving only 25 percent for expenses and profit. In that instance, the rule can help you decide it’s not a good investment.

Operating Costs May Change Over Time

One challenge with relying on the 50 percent rule for estimating deal attractiveness is the variation in operating expenses. For example, some buildings pass the utility costs to residents, which could significantly reduce costs. If the building is older, a series of costly repairs may boost the expenses past the 50 percent threshold. Similarly, if the property experiences a series of insurance claims, the cost of coverage may increase. HOA charges are subject to unexpected increases. On the other hand, if the previous owner was not frugal, they may have overspent on some things you can save on (like landscaping or maintenance). So, when evaluating the ratio, you may want to consider the trends and potential as well as the current costs attached to the property.

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What is the smartest way to start investing?

Best investments for beginners High-yield savings accounts. This can be one of the simplest ways to boost the return on your money above what you're earning in a typical checking account. ... Certificates of deposit (CDs) ... 401(k) or another workplace retirement plan. ... Mutual funds. ... ETFs. ... Individual stocks.

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