What is life's most important element?

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen are involved in the structure of organic molecules. Oxygen: Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the human body. Humans cannot survive without oxygen.

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Classification of the Elements Essential to Life

The life elements in the human body are extremely essential. The main elements are important for proper body functioning and also continuity in the structural components of molecules and body parts. Some elements act like cofactors for enzymes and others contribute to the synthesis of biomolecules. Elements essential to life are classified as cellular molecules, macrominerals, and trace elements.

Cellular Molecules

Cellular molecules, the major organic macromolecules in the human body are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen are involved in the structure of organic molecules. Oxygen: Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the human body. Humans cannot survive without oxygen. Oxygen is involved in respiration, growth, and producing energy. Oxygen plays a key role in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down to yield energy in the form of ATP. Oxygen also is exchanged with carbon dioxide in the lungs during respiration. Carbon: Carbon is the building block of life. This is because carbon is the main atom in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Carbon makes large, complex molecules by forming bonds with other atoms. It is essential for controlling the body's function of organic compounds. Energy is generated when carbon molecules are broken down, which may then be used to power numerous biological operations. Nitrogen: Nitrogen forms the amine group in amino acids, which make important proteins. It also serves as a crucial part of DNA. DNA consists of nitrogenous bases bound to each other, which are pyrimidines and purines. Hydrogen: Hydrogen is significant in the formation of bonds between molecules such as DNA. Hydrogen performs the main role in the formation of water molecules and it is involved in ammonia synthesis. Hydrogen is also a vital component of compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen all contribute to DNA structure

Water molecules consist of hydrogen and oxygen

A hydrogen bond

Macrominerals

Macrominerals are minerals that are needed in large amounts by the body. Macrominerals make up about 4–6 % of the human body weight. Macrominerals are needed in quantities of 100 mg or more each day. They are inorganic compounds that contribute to many important processes in the human body. There are many examples of macrominerals such as phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. The reason for their significance is listed below. Phosphorus: Phosphorous serves as an important part of DNA and RNA. The sugar-phosphate backbone in these nucleic acids contains phosphorous. Phosphorous is also a component in ATP, which is the energy currency of the cells. Many enzymes rely on the presence of phosphorous. Phosphorus contributes to the function of the cell membrane as well. Moreover, it has a role in maintaining acid-base balance.

Calcium has a role in transmitting nerve impulses

Phosphorous as a part of ATP

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What happens if you drink salt water everyday?

Human kidneys can only make urine that is less salty than salt water. Therefore, to get rid of all the excess salt taken in by drinking seawater, you have to urinate more water than you drank. Eventually, you die of dehydration even as you become thirstier.

oceanservice.noaa.gov - Can humans drink seawater? - National Ocean Service - NOAA

One of the instruments scientists can use to measure salinity is a CTD rosette, which measures the Conductivity (salinity), Temperature, and Depth of the water column. Seawater contains salt. When humans drink seawater, their cells are thus taking in water and salt. While humans can safely ingest small amounts of salt, the salt content in seawater is much higher than what can be processed by the human body. Additionally, when we consume salt as part of our daily diets, we also drink liquids, which help to dilute the salt and keep it at a healthy level. Living cells do depend on sodium chloride (salt) to maintain the body’s chemical balances and reactions; however, too much sodium can be deadly. Human kidneys can only make urine that is less salty than salt water. Therefore, to get rid of all the excess salt taken in by drinking seawater, you have to urinate more water than you drank. Eventually, you die of dehydration even as you become thirstier.

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